‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‌ - Beyond the Firewall: The Three Pillars of Offensive AI Security

Beyond the Firewall:

The Three Pillars of Offensive AI Security

Dr. Josh Harguess | Founder and CTO, Fire Mountain Labs

November 25th, 2025

As Artificial Intelligence becomes central to business operations, it brings a new reality. Traditional security is no longer sufficient. As we detailed in our recent work presented at CAMLIS and SPIE, Offensive Security for AI Systems: Concepts, Practices, and Applications, reliance on standard security controls is no longer sufficient.

AI systems are probabilistic rather than deterministic. They do not just have bugs. They have unique weaknesses and failure modes like data poisoning, model theft, and prompt injection that standard firewalls and endpoint protection simply cannot see. To stay ahead of these threats, organizations must move from a purely defensive posture to a deliberate offensive strategy.

This approach is often visualized as an "Inverted Pyramid” which starts with broad assessments and narrows down to realistic, full-scope attacks.

Here is how to break down the three essential layers of offensive AI security.

1. Vulnerability Assessment: The "Health Check"

The Goal: Breadth and Visibility.

The Approach: Automated scanning and inventory.

Before you can secure your AI, you need to know what you have. A Vulnerability Assessment builds your AI Bill of Materials (AI BOM). It catalogs your models, training datasets, and third-party libraries while scanning them for known misconfigurations or outdated components.

Think of this as good hygiene. It does not necessarily prove an attacker can break in, but it highlights the unlocked doors and open windows that make it easy for them to try.

What it catches: Unencrypted datasets, exposed API keys, outdated ML libraries, and shadow AI usage.
Vendors in this space:
- HiddenLayer: Specializes in AI Detection & Response (AIDR) and scanning model assets for supply chain risks.
- Cranium: Focuses on AI governance and compliance to help organizations build an AI BOM.
- Protect AI: Offers a platform to see, know, and manage AI assets by scanning for vulnerabilities in ML code.

2. AI Penetration Testing: The "Stress Test"

The Goal: Depth on specific targets.

The Approach: Active exploitation in a controlled environment.

While vulnerability assessments look for theoretical issues, penetration testing proves they are real. In an AI context, this involves actively trying to break specific components, such as a chatbot’s safety filter or a model’s inference API, using specialized tools and tactics.

Testers use fuzzing (sending random data) and adversarial inputs to see if they can trick the model into misbehaving.

What it catches: Prompt injection (jailbreaking), model theft (extracting the model via queries), and bias or hallucinations in output.
Vendors in this space:
- SPLX: A robust platform for automated AI red teaming and prompt injection testing.
- Mindgard: Provides automated security testing for AI to identify risks in GenAI models.
- Lakera: Known for "Lakera Guard" and capabilities that specifically target prompt injection defenses.

3. Red Team Engagements: The "War Game"

The Goal: Full-spectrum realism.

The Approach: Simulated adversarial attack on the entire system.

This is the pinnacle of offensive security. A Red Team engagement is not just checking a box. It is a simulation of a real-world adversary. These experts do not just look at the code. They look at the people, the process, and the technology together.

They might try to steal your training data by socially engineering a data scientist or use physical access to poison a model. The goal is to verify if your blue team (defenders) can detect and stop a sophisticated attack in progress.

What it catches: Systemic process failures, blind spots in monitoring, and complex kill chains that automated tools miss.
Vendors in this space:
- Fire Mountain Labs: Your strategic partner for end-to-end advisory who offers capability across the entire stack.
- Bishop Fox: A veteran offensive security firm that has expanded its services to include AI specific vectors.
- Kroll: Offers cyber risk red teaming that incorporates the adversarial mindset to test incident response protocols.

The Strategy: Build, Attack, Defend

Offensive security does not exist in a vacuum. It is part of a continuous loop of improvement. We call this the Build-Attack-Defend triangle.

Yellow Team (Builders): Develops the AI.
Red Team (Attackers): Exposes the flaws.
Blue Team (Defenders): Detects and blocks the attacks.

Ready to secure your AI?

Whether you need a baseline Vulnerability Assessment, a targeted Pen Test, or a full Red Team engagement, Fire Mountain Labs is equipped to advise and execute across the entire spectrum.

We specialize in providing comprehensive AI risk assessments, red-teaming exercises, and secure-by-design strategies. Partner with us to ensure your AI systems are safe, compliant, and resilient. Explore our services to lean more.

Your Trusted Partner in AI Safety

Dr. Josh Harguess is the CTO of Fire Mountain Labs, where he drives the company’s technical vision to accelerate AI maturity and responsible adoption. Leveraging his leadership backgrounds at MITRE and Cranium, Josh delivers expert advising and consulting services that ensure clients navigate the complexities of AI security and assurance with confidence.

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